Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment Among Male Nurses in Korea

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify factors influencing organizational commitment among male nurses in Korea. @*Methods@#This study was conducted from July to September, 2018. Data were collected from 166 male nurses whom worked for more than 6 months in secondary or tertiary hospitals in Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. @*Results@#Organizational commitment showed significant differences in age (t = -4.69, p < 0.001), marital status (t = -2.95, p = 0.004), total nursing career (F = 4.91, p = 0.003), total career in the present hospital (F = 4.98, p = 0.002), total career in the present department (F = 5.47, p = 0.001), affiliation in the hospital (t = 2.28, p = 0.024) and annual average income (t = -2.55, p = 0.012). Organizational commitment correlated positively with gender role conflict (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) and job satisfaction (r = 0.21, p = 0.008). The major factors influencing organizational commitment were identified as gender role conflict (B = 0.11, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (B = 0.29, p < 0.001) and age (B = 4.77, p = 0.018), which explains 23% of the variance in organizational commitment. @*Conclusion@#The factors identified in this study which influenced organizational commitment in male nurses, could be used to assign nursing tasks and rotations. Interventional or education programs may be prepared to improve organizational commitment of male nurses.

Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment Among Male Nurses in Korea

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify factors influencing organizational commitment among male nurses in Korea. @*Methods@#This study was conducted from July to September, 2018. Data were collected from 166 male nurses whom worked for more than 6 months in secondary or tertiary hospitals in Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. @*Results@#Organizational commitment showed significant differences in age (t = -4.69, p < 0.001), marital status (t = -2.95, p = 0.004), total nursing career (F = 4.91, p = 0.003), total career in the present hospital (F = 4.98, p = 0.002), total career in the present department (F = 5.47, p = 0.001), affiliation in the hospital (t = 2.28, p = 0.024) and annual average income (t = -2.55, p = 0.012). Organizational commitment correlated positively with gender role conflict (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) and job satisfaction (r = 0.21, p = 0.008). The major factors influencing organizational commitment were identified as gender role conflict (B = 0.11, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (B = 0.29, p < 0.001) and age (B = 4.77, p = 0.018), which explains 23% of the variance in organizational commitment. @*Conclusion@#The factors identified in this study which influenced organizational commitment in male nurses, could be used to assign nursing tasks and rotations. Interventional or education programs may be prepared to improve organizational commitment of male nurses.

Correlations Between Values of Articulation Tests and Language Tests for Children With Articulation Disorder in Korea

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate correlations between values of articulation tests and language tests for children with articulation disorder in Korea. METHODS: Data of outpatients with chief complaint of an articulation problem were retrospectively collected. Patients who underwent Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonation (U-TAP) with Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC), Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), or Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (REVT) simultaneously were identified. Patients whose word-level percentages of correct consonants in U-TAP (UTAP_wC) were more than 2 standard deviations below the mean as diagnostic criteria for articulation disorder were selected. Those whose receptive language age (P_RLA), expressive language age (P_ELA), or combined language age (P_CLA) in PRES was delayed more than 24 months compared to their chronological age in months as diagnostic criteria for language disorder were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-three children aged 3–6 years were enrolled retrospectively. PRES and U-TAP showed significant correlations for most of value relationships. PRES and APAC showed significant correlations for all value relationships except for receptive language age. All values of REVT were significantly correlated with all values from U-TAP, but not with any value from APAC. Articulation tests U-TAP and APAC showed significant correlations between percentages of correct consonants. Language tests PRES and REVT showed significant correlations for all value relationships. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that articulation abilities and language abilities might be correlated in children with articulation disorder.

Granular Cell Tumor in the Sartorius Muscle / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Granular cell tumor, a soft tissue neoplasm that originates in the nervous system, is a very unusual tumor. Granular cell tumor appears as a solitary painless lesion, which can arise at virtually any body site, but is mainly found on the skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract or digestive tract. However, an intramuscular granular cell tumor is very rare. We report on a case of a granular cell tumor in the sartorius muscle in a 71-year-old male patient along with a review of the literature.

Clinical Characteristics in Geriatric Sternal Fracture: Comparison with Non-Geriatric People

BACKGROUND: The objects of this study is to compare the clinical aspects and characteristics of the sternal fracture between non-old aged and the old aged. METHODS: This study is based on 105 patients who were diagnosed as a sternal fracture at the emergency center of Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital from January of 2001 to June of 2007. RESULTS: The overall clinical presentations of sternal fracture of the old aged are similar to that of non-old aged. There were some differences in the patterns of spinal fracture occurred with sternal fracture between non-old aged and the old aged. In non-old aged group, there were 7 patients(8.6%), who had the facture of spine along with sternal fracture, and there were 4 male and 3 females. In the old aged group, there were 4 male and 4 female patients out of 8 patients. There were 2 female patients who had both thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures in the old aged group. CONCLUSION: There were many cases of injury which were accompanied with the sternal fracture. When the two groups are compared, the spinal facture were more often in the old aged group. Especially, the fracture of lumbar spine occurred more frequent in the old aged group.

A Case of Tricuspid Regurgitation after Blunt Chest Trauma

Tricuspid regurgitation after blunt chest trauma is rarely seen in the emergency department. A 19-year-old patient visited our emergency department with chest discomfort after collision with his brother while skiing. Recently, Skiing as a winter sports has become popular with the Korean people, so there is an increasing tendency for patients with diverse traumas associated with ski accidents to visit the emergency department. From simple abrasions or contusions to deadly injuries with unstable vital signs, we are seeing many kind of injuries in the emergency department. We present the case report of a patient with tricuspid regurgitation after a blunt chest trauma during the skiing.

A Case of Tricuspid Regurgitation after Blunt Chest Trauma

Tricuspid regurgitation after blunt chest trauma is rarely seen in the emergency department. A 19-year-old patient visited our emergency department with chest discomfort after collision with his brother while skiing. Recently, Skiing as a winter sports has become popular with the Korean people, so there is an increasing tendency for patients with diverse traumas associated with ski accidents to visit the emergency department. From simple abrasions or contusions to deadly injuries with unstable vital signs, we are seeing many kind of injuries in the emergency department. We present the case report of a patient with tricuspid regurgitation after a blunt chest trauma during the skiing.

Dendritic Cell Based Cancer Immunotherapy: in vivo Study with Mouse Renal Cell Carcinoma Model

BACKGROUND: As a potent antigen presenting cell and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. The expected therapeutic effect of DCs in renal cell carcinoma was tested in the mouse model. Established late-stage tumor therapeutic (E-T) and minimal residual disease (MRD) model was considered in the in vivo experiments. METHODS: Syngeneic renal cell carcinoma cells (RENCA) were inoculated either subcutaneously (E-T) or intravenously (MRD) into the Balb/c mouse. Tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started 3 week (E-T model) or one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, the tumor growth and the systemic immunity were observed. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with RENCA cell lysate for 18 hrs. RESULTS: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor growth (E-T model) or formation (MRD model) was suppressed in pulsed-DC treated group. RENCA specific lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the RENCA tumor-bearing mice treated with pulsed-DCs. Primary cytotoxic T cell activity against RENCA cells was increased in pulsed-DC treated group. CONCLUSION: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs in established or minimal residual disease/metastasis state of renal cell carcinoma. Systemic tumor specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity was modulated also in pulsed-DC treated group.

Middle and Long Term Results of 34 Cases of Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass graf t (CABG) has been settled as most safe surgery among the open heart surgeries. However, in patients with cardiogenic shock, the emergency CABG has higher mortality than elective CABG. We analyzed thirty four patients who underwent emergency CABG and report the middle and long-term results. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From June 1994 to December 2001, 34 patients who underwent emergency CABG at Kang-dong Sacred Heart Hospital were include in this study. On the basis of hospital databases and Out Patient Department (OPD) follow up data, preoperative diagnosis, risk factor, coronary artery anatomy, operation technique, postoperative mortality, complication, recurrence of symptom, and mid and long term mortality were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Indications for emergency CABG were 29 cardiogenic shocks (85.3%), 4 intractable chest pains (11.8%), and 1 polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (2.9%). Preoperative angiographic diagnoses were triple vessel disease in 16 (47.1%) and left main disease in 8 (23.5%) patients. We used saphenous vein grafts in 81 and left internal thoracic artery grafts in 14 anastomosis. The mean number of grafts per patients was 2.8+/-0.8. The mean aortic cross clamp time was 91.9+/-34.6 minutes and the mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 262.7+/-198.3 minutes. Early mortality was 50% and the most common cause of early mortality was low cardiac output in 7 (20.6%) patients. The mean follow-up period was 30.9+/-35.7 months. There were no recurrences of symptom and late mortality. CONCLUSION: In the case of emergency operation, aggressive and proper management with drugs and IABP should be done for preoperative hemodynamic stability and early surgical intervention is the most important factor for patient salvage.

Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma in Chest Wall: One case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a recently recognized, uncommon soft tissue neoplasm. It has a tendency to develop in deep soft tissue of young adults and a possibility of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Diagnostic criteria have not been well defined and this tumor has not been accepted as a distinct entity. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of bland spindle cells with mainly whorled pattern of growth, set in alternating areas with a myxoid or fibrous stroma. Careful consideration of the morphological and immunohistochemical features of this tumor permit a positive diagnosis of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and allow its distinction from a number of other benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms. We experienced a low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in chest wall and report this case with a review of the literature.

Two or Three Times of Short Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (DHCA)within 20 Minutes, Total Not Exceeding 60 Minutes, Does Not Impair Brain Function in Adults / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Deep Hypothermic circulatory Arrest (DHCA) is widely used during heart surgery in neonates and infants and complicated surgeries in adults such as a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE). However safe limits of time and temperature during DHCA still remain controversial. Futhermore it's effects on neurologic outcome has been controversial. METHODS: On the postoperative 3 days, we examined the neurologic function of 12 patients who received a PTE. During the PTE, DHCA was done 2 or 3 times within 20 minutes. Between DHCAs the patients were perfused at a low flow rate with 18degreesC blood until their venous saturation returned to 90%. Neurologic evaluations included level of consciousness, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and motor and sensory functions. RESULTS: Neurologic functions of all of the patients assessed on the 3 days postoperatively was grossly normal. All 12 patients were oriented to time, place, and person with normal gross motor and sensory functions. CONCLUSIONS: No significant neurologic complications were related to the technique of two or three times of short DHCA within 20 minutes, for a total not exceeding 60 minutes.

Localized Pneumoconiosis Manifested by Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Mimicking Lung Cancer: One case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Pneumoconiosis is fibrogenic disease, caused by inhalation of mineral dust. It is defined as the accumulation of dust in the lung and tissue reaction to its presence and the dust is considered to be an aerosal of solid and inanimate particles. It is among the most common and the most important occupational lung disease, especially in developing countries. It is required three prerequisites for making a clinical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis: 1) a full clinical and occupational history together with the result of physical examination; 2) previous X-ray for comparison; and 3) a clear understanding of the time scale involved in the progression of the diseases. Most pneumoconiosises are slow to evolve and changes in the appearances take many months -usually years- to occur. Pneumoconiosis is represented on a plain X-ray of the chest as multiple small round opacities, usually smaller than 1cm diameter. In 58 years old female patient, pneumoconiosis is manifested as 5 X 4 X 3cm sized solitary pulmonary nodule without any occupational history and past histoty of exposure of dust. so we treated this case with right upper lobectomy. Therefore we report this case with a brief review of literatures.

Phrenic Nerve Reconstruction During Anterior Mediastinal Tumor Resection / 대한흉부외과학회지

Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis due to a phrenic nerve injury is not rare after cardiothoracic surgery and may range from an asymptomatic radiographic abnormality to severe pulmonary dysfunction and even mortality in patients with reduced lung function. The most effective treatment for symptomatic unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis has been known to be a plication of the paralyzed hemidiaphragm. A 38 year-old male patient with asthma received a phrenic nerve reconstruction with a sural nerve for right phrenic nerve injury during resection of the anterior mediastinal tumor. Ten months later, chest PA showed good result and we report this case with literature.

Esophagoaortic Fistula Caused by Esophageal Tuberculosis: A Case Report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Tuberculosis of the esophagus is repoted to be very rare. Dysphagia and chest pain are the most common symptoms, but the massive hematemesis is less common. We had experienced a patient with esophagoaortic fistula caused by esophageal tuberculosis with massive hematemesis. A 42 year-old man who was urgently admitted with massive hematemesis. On admission an emergency endoscopy revealed a 0.7 cm sized rich vascularity granulomatous lesion on the 25 cm from the incisor , the patient underwent the wedge resection of the esophagus immediately. The esophagus was severely adhered to the aorta and the esophagealfistula to the aorta was presented. Double ligation was performed. On the 8th postoperative days the patient had massive bleeding through the mediastinal drainage and hematemesis after vomiting, he had performed explothoracotomy and died of the aortic rupture. We report the case with references of literature.

Influence of Prosthesis Size on Change in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Following Aortic Valve Replacement / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve stenosis induces left ventricular hypertrophy as an adaptive response to the chronic overload caused by the valve disease. Despite the fact that aortic valve replacement may lead to regression of the left ventricular hypertrophy, there is a controversy on the change of the left ventricular muscle after use of small prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed 20 patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. There were 13 males and 7 females with a mean age of 61+/-13.8 years. A retrospective analysis of Doppler echocardiography was undertaken in preoperatively, early postoperatively(mean 10.4days), and late postoperatively(mean 29.9 months). They were divided into two groups according to the size of prosthesis used(group 1; 21 mm or smaller, group 2; 23 mm or larger). RESULT: Significant improvement of NYHA Functional class was detected in all groups. Ejection fraction was not significantly different in the group 1 between preoperative and postoperative period, however it increased significantly in the group 2 over time. But preoperative ejection fraction of the group 2 was significantly lower than that in the group 1(p=0.044). Left ventricular muscle mass index(g/m2) was not reduced significantly in the group 1 at the early postoperative period, but it was reduced significantly at the late postoperative period. In the group 2 it was reduced significantly over time. CONCLUSION: Both groups showed clinical improvement. However, the number of patients in whom 19 mm size prosthesis was used was only two. Thus, we suggest that more attention to age, BSA, and exercise should be paid in patients who will undergo aortic valve.

The Immediate and Long Term Result of Surgical Angioplasty of Left Main and Proximal Left Anterior Decending Coronary Artery / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The left main coronary artery surgical angioplasty has become the choice of surgical procedure in isolated LM disease. We have performed 22 cases of LMCA surgical angioplasy since 1996. We report the immediate and long term result of the surgical angioplasty with their postoperative angiography. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between July 1994 and October 2000, 22 patients(11 men and 11 women) were subjected to surgical patch angioplasty of the LMCA, 1 patient had an additional angioplasty performed on the proximal right coronary artery. The LMCA was approached anteriorly with or without transection of the main pulmonary artery(21 cases), and in a patient who had undergone an aortic valve replacement, LMCA was approached superiorly with transection of the ascending aorta. Additional grafting was required in 5 cases. The on-lay patch was used with autologous pericardium in 6 cases and bovine pericardium in 16 cases. RESULT: There was no operative mortality. There was 30~50% stenosis of the anastomosis site in 3 cases at the postop. coronary angiography. Coronary angiography was reperformed in 5 cases between 5th months and 15th months postoperatively. There was 40~60% stenosis of the anastomosis site in 2 cases. There was one death at 42nd months postoperatively but the cause was unknown. No patient complained of angina with a mean follow up of 48.+/-22.5 months. CONCLUSION: There were only several coronary angiographic results in long term follow-up but we had relatively good clinical results for LMCA surgical angioplasty in the immediate and long term. The excellence of LMCA surgical angioplasty needs the result of the long term follow-up.

Pulmonary Aspergilloma Treated by one Stage Cavernostomy and Myoplasty / 대한흉부외과학회지

A 49-year-old male patient was admitted with chief complaint of hemoptysis. Preoperative chest PA and CT scan revealed air-filled large cavitary lesion at the right upper lobe with typical meniscus sign. Serum anti-fungus antibody for Aspergillus was positive and he was diagnosed as aspergilloma. We planned RULobectomy but it was impossible due to severe pleural adhesion in apex and mediastinal pleura. Therefore, we performed a cavernostomy and serratus anterior muscle flap transposition in one stage. The patient recovered without complication and was followed up for 8 months without recurrence of hemoptysis.

The Analysis of Risk Factors of Treatment Failure in MDR-TB / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) are caused by the low rate of treatment response due to limitation in number of available drugs and high rates of adverse drug side-effects. This study analysed the risk factors for MDR-TB patients, who did not respond to treatment, with an aim to improve the rate of treatment response. METHODS: Retrospective study of 111 MDR-TB patients at National Mokpo Tuberculosis Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 was made. The patients were separated into tow groups ; group I comprised of patients who were treated successfully and group II comprised of those were not treated successfully. In order to analyze the risk facotrs for treatment faulure, differences between the two groups were compared and the confidence limit regarding the results were tested using an independent t-test, chi-square test and a Fisher's exact tets. RESULTS: The treatment failure rate of MDO-TB patients was 32% (36 patients), and treatment success rate 68%(75 patients). This study found no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, sex, family history, extent of the disease on the chest X-ray, the number of sensitive drugs in the treatment regimen, and the number of sensitive bactericidal drugs in the treatement regimen (p>0.05). However, a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of tretaments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used showed a significant difference(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The rate of treatment failure in MDR-TB was increased by a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of treatments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used. For improving the treatment response of MDR-TB, every effort should be made to reduce the drug resistance caused by failure of the first treatment.

Mesenchymal Cystic Hamartoma of the Lung: 1 Case Report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung is quite rare lesion which has an unknown prevalence, firstly described in 1986. It is characterized by multiple nodules and variable sized cysts in both lung field. The nodules of immature mesenchymal cells gradually enlarge and become cysts which are lined with normal or metaplastic respiratory epithelium and have the cambium layer of primitive mesenchymal cells. Main symptoms are hemoptysis, recurrent pneumothorax, and hemothorax. It is known to benign tumor, but has possibility of malignant degeneration. In gross findings in opertive field, multiple and variable-sized cystic lesions and nodules were observed. The cysts were lined with normal respiratory epithelium and had the cambium layer of primitive mesenchymal cell. Gross and microscopic findings were compatible with mesenchymal cystic hamartoma. We report a case of mesenchymal cystic hamartoma in a 27-year-old woman who had recurrent pneumothorax and hemoptysis.